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svj 29

Which of the following is expected to be coloured?
A. Ag2SO4
B.CuF2
C.MgF2
D.CuCl

ans is B

Tarin Bansal

Gud idea dream_iit. But how will the other student who is solving the question know that whether he has got the correct answer or not. So the people will keep posting answers here and this forum will turn into a mess and hoch-poch.
But the final decision is of the forum's creator. Let Apurv reply his view and then only shall we decide what to do.
I hope U agree with me.

svj 29

Which of the following is strngst base??
AsH3
NH3
PH3
SbH3

svj 29

Arrange in correct ordr of acidic strengths:
CO2
CuO
CaO
H2O

svj 29

why:
hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing as well as an reducing agent?

svj 29

expected spin only magnetic moments for [Fe(CN)6]4minus and [FeF6]3minus are:

svj 29

BrF3 molecule, the lone pairs occupy equatiorial position to minimize:
A. lone pair-lone pair repulsion only
B. bond pair-bond pair repulsion only
C.lone pair-lone pair repulsion and bond pair-bond pair repulsion
D.lone pair-bond pair repulsion only

svj 29

write M.O. electron distribution of oxygen molecule. specify its bond order and magnetic property

svj 29

structure of CaC2

Himanshu

Potassium chromate solution is added to an aq sol of a metal chloride , the ppt thus obtained are insoluble in acetic acid , these are subjected to flame test , the colour of the flame is -----

??????????

A K

THE ANSWERS TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS WILL BE POSTED BY THE RESPECTIVE AUTHORS OF THE QUESTIONS IN A DIFFERENT THREAD
I HAVE ALREADY ASKED THE CONCERNED PEOPLE TO DO SO..........

A K

BUT GUYS AND GALS THIS POST NEEDS TO RUN
SO CMMON PUMP UP UR QUESTIONS HERE

svj 29

white phosphorus has:
1. six P-P bonds
2.4 P-P bonds
3.four lone pair of electrons
4.PPP angle of 60 degree

ans 1,3,4

svj 29

polyphosphates are used as water softening agents because they:
a. form soluble complexes with anionic species
b.precipitate anionic species
c.form soluble complexes with cationic species
d.precipitate cationic species

ans is c

A K

hey bro its better u dont post ur answers now ......
a different thread will be started for that

U ALREADY KNOW

Select the statement below that is correct.
1. All compounds of carbonate (CO₃^2-) phosphate (PO₄^3-) and sulfide (S^2-) are soluble.
2. All compounds of nitrate (NO₃^-) and chlorate (ClO₃^-) are soluble.
3. All compounds of hydroxide (OH^-) are soluble.
4. All compounds of the halogen ions (e. g. Cl^-, Br^-, I^-) are insoluble.
5. No response above is correct.
Addition of sodium bromide, a very soluble salt, to a saturated solution of silver bromide, a slightly soluble salt, would cause:
1. the concentrations of silver ion, bromide ion and silver bromide to increase.
2. the concentration of bromide ion to increase and the concentration of silver ion to decrease.
3. the concentration of bromide ion to decrease and the concentration of silver ion to increase.
4. the concentration of bromide ion to decrease and the concentration of silver bromide to increase.

U ALREADY KNOW

No body can stop you to be a master in nuclear chemistry if you solve at least 80% of these guys and of course gals ...............
(this was an attchment given by haughty Miss Kimber , so sorry if there is no gap in between questions )

Uranium-235 decays via a sequence of seven alpha decays and four beta decays to produce a stable nuclide. Which of the following is the nuclide that is produced?
1. tungsten-207
2. lead-207
3. actinium-235
4. proactinium-219
5. uranium-238
The half-life of tritium is 12.3 years. If 48.0 mg of tritium is released from a nuclear power plant during the course of an accident, calculate the mass (in mg) of the nuclide that will remain after 5.0 years.
Nuclides that have neutron-to-proton ratios that are too HIGH (compared with stable nuclides) are expected to undergo:
1. alpha decay.
2. beta decay.
3. positron decay.
4. electron capture.
5. none of the above.
Radon-222 is a potentially serious problem in many homes. From which of the following naturally-occurring nuclides is radon-222 produced?
1. carbon-12
2. potassium-40
3. iron-56
4. thorium-232
5. uranium-238
Consider the following types of medical procedures,
i. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan
ii. CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) scan
iii. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan
iv. Iodine-131 treatment of hyperthyroidism
Which of these procedures involves X-rays?
1. i and iii
2. ii and iv
3. iii and iv
4. i only
5. ii only
Isotones are nuclides that have the same number of neutrons. Which of the following pairs of nuclides are isotones?
1. oxygen-15 and nitrogen-15
2. oxygen-16 and oxygen-17
3. neon-20 and sodium-23
4. magnesium-25 and aluminum-26
5. None of these.
Some lantern mantles are manufactured using thorium-232 to increase the durability of the mantle. Thorium-232 undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 1.4 x 10¹⁰ years. Which of the following is the product nuclide of the decay of thorium-232?
1. radium-228
2. actinium-232
3. proactinium-232
4. uranium-236
5. None of these.
Nuclear fission of uranium-235 nuclei produces ON AVERAGE:
1. 1 neutron.
2. 2 neutrons.
3. 3 neutrons.
4. 4 neutrons.
5. 5 neutrons.
Uranium-234 radioactively decays by alpha-particle emission. The neutron-to-proton ratio of the product nuclide is:
1. smaller than that for uranium-234.
2. greater than that for uranium-234.
3. the same as that for uranium-234.
4. equal to 1.0.
5. It is impossible to tell.
Which of the following can be detected by a Geiger counter?
1. alpha particles
2. beta particles
3. gamma rays
4. All of these.
5. None of these.
Which of the following statements about radon-222 is TRUE?
1. The radioactive decay products of radon-222 are solids.
2. Radon-222 is produced via a series of radioactive decay steps from naturally-occurring plutonium.
3. Radon-222 is a green gas that smells like lemons.
4. The density of radon-222 is less than the density of air.
5. None of these are TRUE.
Strontium-90 is one of the harmful nuclides resulting from nuclear fission explosions. Strontium-90 decays by beta particle emission with a half-life of 28.0 years. How long (in years) would it take for 99.0% of a sample of strontium-90 released in an atmospheric test of an atomic bomb to decay?
In which of the following medical diagnostic procedures is a radioactive substance introduced into the patient's body?
1. MRI scan
2. PET scan
3. CAT scan
4. DOG scan
5. FISH scan
Fluorine-18 radioactively decays by the emission of a positron. Which of the following is the product nuclide of this decay?
1. nitrogen-14
2. neon-18
3. oxygen-18
4. fluorine-17
5. fluorine-18
The chemistry of atoms, molecules and ions is determined primarily by the number and arrangement of which of the following?
1. positrons
2. electrons
3. neutrons
4. quarks
5. alpha particles
Uranium-235 decays in a series of steps to produce the stable nuclide, lead-207. Which of the following series of decays would produce lead-207 from uranium-235?
1. 6 alpha + 2 beta
2. 3 alpha + 3 positron
3. 7 alpha + 4 beta
4. 5 alpha + 6 beta
5. 7 alpha
Which of the following statements about food irradiation is TRUE?
1. The irradiated food is radioactive.
2. Irradiation of food produces chemical degradation products similar to those produced from cooking food using heat.
3. Food irradiation employs positrons.
4. The radioactive nuclide that is used in food irradiation is thorium-230.
5. In the U.S., there are no foods which have been approved by the FDA for treatment by irradiation.
Which of the following characteristics of particles produced by radioactive decay are important for assessing the potential for biological damage to living systems?
1. mass
2. charge
3. penetrating ability
4. kinetic energy
5. All of these.
The first orange "Fiestaware" dishes contained salts of uranium as pigments. If one of these "Fiestaware" dishes initially contained 0.50 g of uranium-238, calculate how long it would take (in years) for the uranium-238 to decay to 0.25 g. For uranium-238, t_1/2 = 4.5 x 10⁹ years.
Which of the following nuclides is used medicinally to treat hyperthyroidism?
1. uranium-238
2. americium-241
3. carbon-14
4. iodine-131
5. thorium-232
In lecture, the use of radiation to treat food and other consumer products was discussed. Which of the following radioactive nuclides is currently being used for food irradiation?
1. uranium-238
2. radon-222
3. carbon-14
4. cobalt-60
5. americium-241
Carbon-14 radioactively decays via the emission of a beta particle. Which of the following is the product nuclide of this decay?
1. beryllium-10
2. boron-14
3. carbon-13
4. carbon-14
5. nitrogen-14
In fluorine-18, the neutron-to-proton ratio is too low and this nuclide undergoes radioactive decay. Which of the following decay processes would be expected to produce a nuclide with a neutron-to-proton ratio GREATER THAN that for fluorine-18?
1. alpha decay
2. beta decay
3. gamma decay (only)
4. positron decay
5. None of these.
Thorium-232 decays in a series of steps to produce the unstable nuclide, radon-220. Which of the following series of decays would produce radon-220 from thorium-232?
1. 3 alpha + 2 beta
2. 4 alpha + 2 beta
3. 5 alpha + 2 beta
4. 2 alpha + 3 beta
5. 1 alpha + 2 beta
The radioactive nuclide, radon-222, is a problem in the basements of many homes. Calculate how long (in days) it would take for a 3.65 g sample of radon-222 to decay to 1.34 g? Radon-222 decays by a first-order process with a half-life of 3.82 days.
An archeologist unearths a bone sample and wants to know the age of the bone. Her chemist friend determines that 45.3% of the initial amount of carbon-14 is present in the bone sample. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, calculate the age (in years) of the bone.
The following are produced by radioactive decay processes. Which one has the GREATEST mass?
1. alpha particle
2. beta particle
3. gamma ray
4. neutron
5. positron
In lecture, you observed an instrument gauge from a World War II vintage aircraft which had been painted with a radioactive element. Which of the following elements was used in the paint?
1. uranium
2. plutonium
3. radium
4. polonium
5. neptunium
Naturally occurring uranium-238 decays in a series of steps to produce the stable nuclide, lead-206 . Which of the following series of decays would produce lead-206 from uranium-238?
1. 3 alpha + 4 beta
2. 4 alpha + 3 beta
3. 5 alpha + 2 beta
4. 2 alpha + 5 beta
5. 8 alpha + 6 beta
One of the factors that determines how effective a particular type of radiation will be in causing biological damage is the mass of the particle. Which of the following has the GREATEST mass?
1. alpha particle
2. beta particle
3. positron
4. gamma ray
5. neutron
The function of the MODERATOR in a nuclear power plant is to:
1. carry the heat produced from the fission reactions to an external turbine.
2. absorb neutrons and thereby control the fission reactions.
3. protect the workers and the environment from radiation.
4. slow down the neutrons produced from the fission reactions so that they can be absorbed by more fuel.
5. None of the above responses is correct.
In lecture, you observed an "EXIT" sign that contained a radioactive nuclide. Which of the following nuclides was used in the "EXIT" sign?
1. uranium-238
2. potassium-40
3. hydrogen-3 (tritium)
4. phosphorus-32
5. carbon-14
The neutron often plays a key role in radioactive decay because it is:
1. attracted by the strong force.
2. capable of converting to a proton and an electron.
3. unaffected by the coulombic force.
4. able to act as a nuclear "glue".
5. All of these statements are true.
When polonium-216 decays by the emission of one alpha particle and two beta particles, the product is the isotope:
1. polonium-210
2. polonium-212
3. polonium-214
4. polonium-218
5. polonium-220
The nuclide sulfur-35 is neutron-rich, therefore, it is likely to undergo radioactive decay by:
1. beta emission.
2. electron capture.
3. positron emission.
4. neutron emission.
5. alpha emission.
Based on the number of protons only, which of the following unknown nuclides is MOST likely to undergo radioactive decay?
1. silicon-30
2. germanium-72
3. barium-130
4. radon-216
5. All of the above.
In a graph of binding energy per nucleon vs. atomic mass, Fe, has the highest binding energy per nucleon of all nuclei. This means that:
1. Fe is more stable than any other nuclide.
2. Nuclei lighter than Fe become more stable by fission processes.
3. Fe decays by positron emission.
4. Nuclei heavier than Fe become more stable by fusion processes.
5. All of these statements are true.
The mass of one atom of chromium-52 is 51.9405 amu. The binding energy per nucleon for the chromium-52 nucleus is:
1. 7.1 MeV
2. 7.9 MeV
3. 8.8 MeV
4. 10.1 MeV
5. 12.4 MeV
Which of the following processes is an example of nuclear fusion?
1. bismuth-209 + helium-4 --> astatine-211 + 2 neutrons
2. hydrogen-2 + hydrogen-2 --> hydrogen-3 + hydrogen-1
3. plutonium-239 + neutron --> americium-240 + beta particle
4. uranium-239 --> neptunium-239 + beta particle
5. None of the reactions involve fusion.
Uranium-238 has a binding energy of approximately 7.5 MeV per nucleon. What spontaneous radioactive decay process would be predicted to occur as a result of bombarding uranium-238 with neutrons?
1. beta particle emission
2. a fission reaction
3. electron capture
4. a fusion reaction
5. positron emission
Ionizing radiation is many times more dangerous to biological systems than non-ionizing radiation. The radiation that causes the most damage, if ingested, is:
1. alpha particles.
2. beta particles.
3. gamma rays.
4. protons.
5. ultraviolet.
Orange-colored Fiesta tableware causes a Geiger counter to emit a rapid clicking sound. The BEST explanation of this phenomenon is that the pottery:
1. has a lead glaze.
2. undergoes fusion.
3. is made with uranium ores.
4. emits neutrons.
5. is painted with radium-based paints.
Isotopes with neutron to proton ratios that are too low would be expected to undergo radioactive decay by which one of the following processes? That is, which of the following processes would result in an increase in the neutron to proton ratio?
1. neutron emission
2. beta particle emission
3. alpha particle emission
4. gamma ray emission
5. positron emission
The presence of radon-222 in homes poses a serious health risk. Radon-222 decays by alpha particle emission with a half-life of 3.8 days. Which of the following is the product nuclide from this decay?
1. astatine-221
2. francium-222
3. astatine-222
4. radon-221
5. polonium-218
Naturally occurring uranium-238 decays in a series of steps to produce the stable nuclide, lead-206. The product nuclide that results after the seventh step in this decay series is polonium-218. Which of the following series of decays would produce polonium-218 from uranium-238?
1. 3 alpha + 4 beta
2. 4 alpha + 3 beta
3. 5 alpha + 2 beta
4. 2 alpha + 5 beta
5. 1 alpha + 6 beta
Which of the following types of radiation generally has the greatest potential for biological damage?
1. alpha particles
2. beta particles
3. gamma rays
4. positrons
5. neutrons
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical diagnostic technique that is based on which one of the following processes?
1. neutron bombardment
2. fission
3. annhilation
4. fusion
5. electron scattering
An isotope of an element decays by emitting an alpha particle and forming lead-208. The original element was:
1. Bi
2. Hg
3. Po
4. Rn
5. Tl
The only stable isotope of fluorine is fluorine-19. What type of radioactivity would you expect from the isotope fluorine-18, which has one less neutron?
1. protons
2. neutrons
3. beta particles
4. positrons
5. alpha particles
The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is:
1. hydrogen-2
2. helium-4
3. carbon-14
4. iron-56
5. uranium-238
The carbon-14 activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations/minute/gram. If present-day plant life shows 15 disintegrations/minute/gram, how old is the Peruvian corn? The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years.
1. 1,455 years
2. 1,910 years
3. 3,350 years
4. 3,820 years
5. 9,080 years
Which type of nuclear process requires a temperature of over a million degrees?
1. beta particle production
2. fission reaction
3. alpha particle emission
4. fusion reaction
5. positron production
In passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy and damage tissues by producing:
1. neutrons.
2. gamma rays.
3. radiation.
4. beta particles.
5. ions.
It is well-known that uranium isotopes can undergo fission reactions and that hydrogen isotopes can undergo fusion reactions. These reactions are examples of a drive toward:
1. equilibrium.
2. thermodynamic stability.
3. negative S.
4. kinetic stability.
5. positive G.
Which of the following balanced equations indicates a FUSION reaction?
1. bismuth-209 + helium-4 --> astatine-211 + 2 neutrons
2. helium-2 + hydrogen-2 --> hydrogen-3 + hydrogen-1
3. plutonium-239 + neutron --> americium-240 + beta particle
4. uranium-239 --> neptunium-239 + beta particle
5. beryllium-7 + electron --> lithium-7
Which statement is FALSE?
1. The larger the binding energy per nucleon, the more stable the nucleus.
2. The alpha particle has a charge of 2+.
3. The mass of a nucleus is always less than the original mass of its constituent protons and neutrons.
4. Alpha particle production is the only route by which unstable nuclei can spontaneously decay.
5. Alpha particles are more massive than beta particles.
Iron-49 decays by positron emission with a half-life of 0.08 seconds. What nuclide is produced in this decay process?
1. manganese-49
2. cobalt-49
3. chromium-45
4. iron-48
5. None of these.
The following are produced in radioactive decay processes. Which one has neither mass nor charge?
1. alpha particles
2. beta particles
3. gamma rays
4. positrons
5. neutrons
The function of the CONTROL RODS in a nuclear power plant is to:
1. slow the neutrons down so that they can cause fission.
2. absorb the heat produced so that it can be carried to an external turbine.
3. absorb neutrons to control the amount of fission that is occuring.
4. provide the fuel needed for fission to occur.
5. None of the above.
Smoke detectors contain a small amount of americium-241. What is the final product nuclide if americium-241 radioactively decays by a total of eight alpha decays and four beta decays?
1. rhenium-209
2. gold-209
3. bismuth-209
4. plutonium-237
5. americium-225
Which one of the following types of particles is the MOST highly penetrating to biological tissues?
1. alpha particles
2. beta particles
3. positrons
4. neutrons
5. electrons
In lecture, you observed a radioactive plate that contained uranium oxide as a pigment (i.e., "Fiestaware"). What color was the plate?
1. yellow
2. purple
3. white
4. orange
5. green
An ancient wood sculpture was determined to be 2380 years old. Calculate the percentage of the carbon-14 originally present in the wood that remains today. For carbon-14: t_1/2 = 5730 years.
Americium-241 is the radioactive isotope that is used in smoke detectors. Americium-241 undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 458 years. What is the product nuclide that is produced when americium-241 radioactively decays?
1. neptunium-237
2. curium-241
3. plutonium-241
4. americium-240
5. plutonium-240
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans are used medicinally to diagnose certain biological disorders. The most common radioactive isotope used in this procedure is fluorine-18, which is a positron emitter. In a PET scan, which one of the following species is actually measured in order to create a three-dimensional image of the afflicted organ?
1. alpha particles
2. beta particles
3. gamma rays
4. positrons
5. neutrons
In lecture, you observed a desiccator that was used for many years to store radioactive radium compounds. What color was the desiccator?
1. yellow
2. orange
3. purple
4. green
5. black
The radioactive nuclide, iodine-131, is used medicinally as a radiotracer for the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses associated with the thyroid gland. If the rate constant for decay of iodine-131 is 9.9 x 10^-7 s^-1, calculate the half-life (in s) of iodine-131.
Calculate the binding energy per nucleon in millions of electron volts (MeV) for nitrogen-15. The atomic mass of nitrogen-15 is 15.00011 amu.
What is the final, stable nuclide, X, if radon-222 decays by the emission of four alpha particles and four beta particles?
1. tungsten-206
2. tungsten-214
3. platinum-202
4. platinum-210
5. lead-206
An archeologist unearths a bone sample and wants to know the age of the bone. Her chemist friend determines that 41.7% of the initial amount of carbon-14 in the bone sample has decayed. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, the age of the bone is:
1. 4460 years
2. 5730 years
3. 7230 years
4. 10200 years
5. 11460 years
Which of the following characteristics is/are important considerations for radiotracers that will be used for diagnosing illness in the body?
1. The radiotracer should have a short half-life.
2. The radiotracer should localize in a certain part of the body.
3. The radiotracer should produce radiation that can be detected externally.
4. (a) and (b).
5. (a), (b) and (c).
When a nuclide is assembled from its constituent protons, neutrons, and electrons, there is about a 1% decrease in mass. When a chemical compound is similarly made from its constituent elements there is no discernible change in mass. The best reason for this difference is that:
1. chemical reactions are intrinsically different from nuclear reactions.
2. the formation of a nuclide from its constituents is always exothermic whereas the formation of a compound from the elements can be either exothermic or endothermic.
3. Einstein's equation, E = mc², applies to nuclei but not to molecules.
4. chemical reactions release far less energy than nuclear reactions and so the mass change is too small to observe.
5. mass is conserved in chemical reactions but is not conserved in nuclear reactions.
The mass of chlorine-37 is 36.96590 amu. The binding energy per nucleon of chlorine-37 is:
1. -1.41 x 10^-12 J/nucleon
2. 1.29 x 10^-12 J/nucleon
3. 1.37 x 10^-12 J/nucleon
4. 5.08 x 10^-11 J/nucleon
5. 5.08 x 10^-8 J/nucleon
The only stable nuclide with A = 35 is chlorine-35. Which of the following equations correctly describe the process by which phosphorus-35 decays to chlorine-35?
1. phosphorus-35 -> chlorine-35 + beta particle
2. phosphorus-35 -> sulfur-35 + beta particle
  sulfur-35 -> chlorine-35 + beta particle
3. phosphorus-35 -> silicon-35 + beta particle
  silicon-35 -> chlorine-35 + beta particle
4. phosphorus-35 -> chlorine-35 + positron
5. phosphorus-35 + e- -> sulfur-35
  sulfur-35 + e- -> chlorine-35
A freshly prepared sample of yttrium-90 undergoes 7.6 x 10⁵ disintegrations per minute (dpm) at a certain time. Exactly 14 days later, the same sample undergoes 1.6 x 10⁴ dpm. The half-life of yttrium-90 is:
1. 0.20 day
2. 2.5 day
3. 2.7 day
4. 3.8 day
5. 14 day
What is the product nuclide of the decay of thorium-232? Thorium-232 has a half-life of 1.4 x 10¹⁰ years and radioactively decays by alpha emission.
1. radon-230
2. radium-228
3. actinium-232
4. proactinium-232
5. uranium-235
Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of boron-11 if the atomic mass of boron-11 is 11.00931 amu.
1. 3.54 MeV
2. 5.67 MeV
3. 6.94 MeV
4. 7.82 MeV
5. 8.23 MeV
An archeologist unearths a bone sample and wants to know the age of the bone. Her chemist friend determines that 35.6% of the initial amount of carbon-14 is present in the bone sample. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, the age of the bone is:
1. 3640 years
2. 5730 years
3. 8540 years
4. 10200 years
5. 11460 years
Consider the following types of medical procedures that are used for diagnosing various illnesses:
1. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans
2. CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) scans
3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans
4. Tc bone scans
5. Tl cardiac scans
Which of these diagnostic procedures involves radioactive decay of an unstable nuclide as the primary means for creating an image of the area of the body being studied?
1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 2 and 3
3. 3, 4 and 5
4. 1, 4 and 5
5. 2, 4 and 5
Four types of radiation arranged in order from lowest to highest health hazard is:
1. gamma rays < alpha particles < beta particles < neutrons
2. alpha particles < gamma rays < neutrons < beta particles
3. beta particles < alpha particles < gamma rays < neutrons
4. neutrons < alpha particles < gamma rays < beta particles
5. gamma rays < beta particles < neutrons < alpha particles
Write a chemical equation for each of the following radioactive decay processes:
1. phosphorus-32 decays by beta-particle emission.
2. lithium-8 decays by beta-particle emission followed by alpha-particle emission.
3. potassium-40 decays by electron capture.
4. nitrogen-13 decays by positron emission.
5. thorium-232 decays by alpha-particle emission.
Calculate the binding energy per nucleon in millions of electron volts for magnesium-27. The atomic mass of magnesium-27 is 26.9843 amu.
Consider the following information:
1. The layer of dead skin on our bodies is sufficient to protect us from most alpha-particle radiation.
2. Plutonium is an alpha-particle producer.
3. The chemistry of Pu⁴⁺ is similar to that of Fe³⁺.
4. Pu⁴⁺ + 4 e^- --> Pu, E^o = -1.28 V
Using this information, explain why plutonium is one of the most toxic substances known.
Suppose that an archeologist has unearthed a human bone. She asks her chemist friend to determine the percentage of carbon-14 present in the bone. The chemist determines that the bone sample contains 67.3% of the carbon-14 present in living tissue. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, calculate the age (in years) of the bone.
Carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay because it has a neutron-to-proton (n/p) ratio that is too large. The GREATEST reduction in the neutron-to-proton ratio of the product nuclide can be achieved by the emission of a(n):
1. alpha particle.
2. beta particle.
3. positron.
4. neutron.
5. gamma ray.
Thallium-201 is used in medicine to create images of the heart. A thallium-201 nucleus contains:
1. 0 neutrons.
2. 81 neutrons.
3. 120 neutrons.
4. 201 neutrons.
5. None of these.
Uranium-235 undergoes radioactive decay in a series of steps to produce the stable nuclide, lead-207. If the radioactive decay of uranium-235 involves the emissions (in order): alpha, beta, alpha, beta, alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha, beta, alpha, beta, which of the following nuclides are NOT produced in the decay series?
1. radon-219
2. thallium-207
3. radium-223
4. proactinium-233
5. polonium-215
Scientists have recently shown that a sample of cocaine can be traced to its country of origin by measuring the ratio of carbon-13 to nitrogen-15 (both naturally occurring, stable nuclides) in the cocaine sample. Carbon-14 and nitrogen-16, however, do not occur naturally and both of these nuclides undergo radioactive decay by the same process. Which of the following is the most likely type of radioactive decay for carbon-14 and nitrogen-16?
1. alpha decay
2. beta decay
3. positron decay
4. spontaneous fission
5. electron capture
Uranium-235 is one of the most common fuels used in nuclear power plants. However, uranium-238 cannot be used as a fuel in a nuclear power plant. Which of the following statements best explains why uranium-238 cannot be used as a fuel?
1. There is not enough uranium-238 in naturally occurring uranium to use it as a fuel.
2. It is not possible to construct fuel rods which contain uranium-238.
3. Uranium-238 does not undergo radioactive decay.
4. Uranium-238 is not a naturally occurring isotope of uranium.
5. Uranium-238 does not undergo fission easily enough to be used as a fuel.
Fluorine-18 is one of the radioactive nuclides utilized in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans. Fluorine-18 can be synthesized by bombarding oxygen-18 nuclei with hydrogen-1 nuclei,

oxygen-18 + hydrogen-1 --> fluorine-18 + X
What is the identity of the other product, X, in this reaction?
1. alpha particle
2. beta particle
3. positron
4. neutron
5. gamma ray

(sorry most of the elements are not in symbolic form of atomic number and mass ....but you can easily understand ).

U ALREADY KNOW

Guys this one is really conceptual , came in American physics olympiad this year....check R.L. Podigy's concepts of matter Pg 123 question 1

The two diagrams below represent snapshots of a very small portion of a first-order reaction in which A molecules are being converted to B molecules (A --> B):

Which of the following diagrams represents a snapshot of a very small portion of this system at t = 3 min?

kasirajan

it took 3.00 ml of 6.00 M HCl to covert 1.200g of a mixture of NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃
to NaCl,CO₂ and H₂O . Calculate the volume CO₂ liberated at 25^oC and 760 torr.

kasirajan

How many gram of Cu will be replaced frm 2.00 L of 1.50 M CuSO₄ solution by 40.0g Aluminium.?

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